Campeche Mexico Facts
According to 2010 census, the total population was 822,441 inhabitants, with a life expectancy of 74 years, crude death rate of 4.6 and 89.5% literacy.
Geographically, Campeche is located between the Guatemalan tropical rainforest of Peten and dry low forests of the northern end of the Yucatan Peninsula. It has an area of 200 km2 of rivers, consisting of five major rivers, with 7 hydrological basins and 2,200 km2 of coastal lagoons, with a variety of marine species.
The relief is generally flat, has a maximum height of 300 meters above sea level and slopes vary up to 15%. In the southeast, it is located the highest part of the relief, near Guatemala and Quintana Roo, with the highest elevations near Zoh Lagoon. Among the main highs, it can be found the Cerro Champerico, with 390 mt of altitude, the Cerro los Chinos with 370 mt, Cerro el Ramonal with 340 mt, and the Cerro el Gavilan, at 210 mt. Descending towards the lower parts of the central and western territory, the land forms steps, which gives the characteristics of a low plateau for its large areas of nearly flat surfaces.
The coast of Campeche is 523.3 km long, for its variety of landscapes it has become an ideal area to enjoy various tourist activities. The North coastline consists of a strip of mangroves while the South coast is arid, with wooded hills forming beautiful ledges and coves. In the municipalities of Champotón and Carmen, it is formed a sandy strip, which has beaches of great importance, because there inhabit various species of sea turtles.
The Mexican State has a good infrastructure of ports, airports, road network, telecommunication and electric power, with adequate water availability and drainage.
Welcome to Campeche in Mexico!
The state of Campeche is located in southeast Mexico, on the west side of the Yucatan Peninsula. Campeche is just one of over 60 official online guides covering the whole of Mexico. If you´re planning a trip to Mexico and would like discover our fabulous nation before visiting or, if you´d like to visit a specific place in Mexico, then you´ve come to the right place.
The territory is 56,858.84km2, which is 2.6% of Mexico’s total. It borders the states of Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Tabasco, with the country of Guatemala to the south, Belize to the east and the Gulf of Mexico to the west. The south border is the the Petén department of Guatemala. The state capital, also called Campeche, declared a World Heritage Site in 1997 due to its numerous historical landmarks. Campeche is one of Mexico´s most popular places, visited by millions of people over the last decade. When you travel to Campeche you may wish to check out the Campeche hotels we have available or maybe you´d like to rent a car in Campeche? We also offer extensive day trips in Campeche. This unique place has simply amazing. We´ve also compiled a list of Travel books on Campeche Mexico. The creation of the state began with the city, which was founded in 1540 as the Spanish began the conquest of the Yucatán Peninsula. Throughout the colonial period, the city was a rich and important port, but declined after Mexico’s Independence. Campeche was part of the province of Yucatán but was divided from Yucatan in the mid-19th century, mostly because of political friction with city of Mérida.
Today, much of the state’s economy is based upon the finding of petroleum offshore in the 1970s, which has made the coastal cities of Campeche and Ciudad Del Carmen important economic hubs. Campeche is one of Mexico´s most popular places, visited by millions of people over the last decade. When you travel to Campeche you may wish to check out the Campeche hotels we have available or maybe you´d like to rent a car in Campeche? We also offer extensive day trips in Campeche. This unique place has simply amazing. We´ve also compiled a list of Travel books on Campeche Mexico. The state has significant Mayan and colonial sites but they are not as well known or visited as others in the Yucatán but are popular with enthusiasts willing to travel away from the tourist areas of Yucatan.
Whether you are visiting Campeche in Mexico for business, pleasure or both, we´re sure that Campeche will meet all of your expectations and that the people of Campeche will make you feel welcome while sampling some of the unique cuisine on offer in the Campeche Restaurant districts.
Things to see Campeche
Much of Campeche’s territory is filled with various archeological sites, almost all of which are Mayan. An early important site is Edzna, located near the city of Campeche in a region known as los Chenes. These sites are far less known and visited than sites to the east such as Chichen Itza, Uxmal and Tulum. It was one of the most important ceremonial centers in the pre Classic Maya period (300-900CE). It is located away from other Mayan settlements on the peninsula and was probably a collection center for the agriculture products grown in the area, reaching its height between 600 and 900 it was discovered in the 1920s and excavated in the 1940s. During the planting season in early May, archeologist Antonio Benavides noticed that the setting sun illuminates a stucco mask hanging one of the pyramid’s rooms. The effect also happens in August, during harvest and it is believed to be related to the asking and receiving of abundant crops. These were sent to the city of Tikal in exchange for ritualistic adornment for the site. Its most important building is the Pyramid of the Five Stories, built as its name implies. Another important find came in the 1990s.
The Isla de Jaina is one of the best preserved archeological sites in the state because of its location on an island on the coast, surrounded by estuaries and mangroves. While most sites are in the interior rainforest of the state, there are fifty five archeological sites on the coast alone, mostly remnants of small villages. These other sites include Can-mayab-mul in Nunkiní, Xculhoc in Hecelchakán, Chunan-tunich, Xtampak, Hochob, Pak-chén and Dzebilnocac in Hopelchén, El Tigre in Candelaria, La Xoch and Chun Cedro in Tenabo and Becán in Calakmul. It requires special permission to visit.
Campeche Museums, Historic Buildings & Haciendas
Campeche’s historic buildings are protected by decree to keep them from being destroyed or altered by the growth of the city. Campeche is one of the least known and unrated colonial cities in Mexico, mostly bypassed by those visiting more famous destinations in the Yucatan peninsula. Campeche was one of the most important ports in New Spain.
Campeche has a number of colonial era churches like the Asunción church in Dzitbalché was constructed in the 18th century, with a pointed arch doorway, choral window and bell-gable. The Guadalupe Church in Bécal, Calkiní was built in the 18th century. The San Diego Apóstol Church in Nunkiní, Calkiní was built in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The Cathedral of Campeche is from the 16th century. Its façade is of worked stone with two levels marked off by two grooved pilasters. The San Francisco Church in Campeche was established in the 16th century although the current building dates from the 17th. The church and former monastery of San Luis Obispo is located in Calkiní, built in the 17th century of stone, wood and metal over a former Mayan temple. The facade is simple with a bell-gable and there remains only one of its original Baroque altarpieces, which was made in the 16th century. The church marks the spot where the first mass was held on mainland America. Most of the state’s colonial era churches are located in and near the city of Campeche, with some in Ciudad del Carmen. The Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Church was built in the 18th century in Sabancuy, Carmen. The church and former monastery of San Francisco de Asís was begun in the 16th century by the Franciscans in Hecelchakán. The Nuestra Señora del Carmen Church in Ciudad del Carmen was built in the 18th century.
Outside of the city of Campeche, much of the notable civil architecture in the state is found on the various former haciendas. Many of these haciendas have been turned into hotels, spas and other tourist attractions. Hacienda Blanca Flor is located in Hecelchakán outside Campeche. This hacienda was a site of one of the bloodiest battles of the Caste War. Hacienda Santa Cruz is between Campeche and Calkiní in the Nunkiní community. It is dated to the middle of the 18th century established to raise cattle. It continued operating until the Mexican Revolution. Hacienda San José Carpizo is in the Champotón municipality, founded in 1871 by José María Carpizo Sánchez and was one of the most important on the Yucatán Peninsula, raising cattle. It survived the Mexican Revolution until its workers abandoned it in the 1940s. Hacienda San Luis Carpizo is located in Champotón and belonged to José María Carpizo, dedicated to agriculture. This hacienda was restored by the Mexican Army to house the Marine Infantry School in 1999. Hacienda Uayamón is near the city of Campeche with origins in the 16th century. It was attacked and its owner killed in the raid by Laurens de Graaf in 1685. It continued to operate until the Mexican Revolution and today it is home to the Hotel de Gran Turismo. Hacienda Tankuché was dedicated to raising dyewood (palo de tinte) but changed later to henequen. Despite losing most of its land in the Revolution, its henequen mill continued to operate until the 1980s.
Notable museums in the state include the Del Carmen Archeological Museum, the Museo de las Estelas Mayas in Ciudad del Carmen and the Camino Real Archeological Museum in Hecelchakán. The Museo Fuerte de San Miguel is located on one of the Campeche’s old forts. The museum is dedicated to the state’s history. Opened in 2000, it is the newest and most modern of Campeche’s museums.
Campeche Flora & Fauna
Laguna de Términos Mangroves, its brackish waters have developed a number of aquatic species such as sea bass, small sharks, crabs, oysters, turtles, and storks. The Laguna de Términos lagoon is located in the southwest of the state, near the Tabasco border. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico only by the Isla del Carmen. It receives fresh water from most of Campeche’s rivers as well as salt water from the Gulf. The lagoon is ringed by smaller lakes and forms the most important lake-lagoon system in the country. This system formed about five thousand years ago by the accumulation of sediment carried by surrounding rivers. This system connects to the Sabancuy estuary to the northeast. These lakes include Atasta, Pom, Puerto Rico, El Este, Del Vapor, Del Corte, Pargos and Panlau.
Average annual rainfall varies between 900 and 2000 mm. Campeche is in the tropics with a humid climate with a defined rainy and relatively dry season from late winter to early spring. Average annual temperature is 26C with highs up to 36C in the summer and lows of 17C in the winter. The hottest and most humid areas of the state are along the coast between the Laguna de Términos and the northern border. In the winter, storms from the north called “nortes” can bring colder dry air from the area of the United States. In the late summer, there are sometimes hurricanes. Prevailing winds are from the northwest from November to March, from the north between September and October, from the southeast from June to August and from the south in April and May.
Campeche has large expanses of mangroves which dominate the swamps. Non swamp areas are dominated by palm trees. Wildlife is dominated by bird and reptile species such as storks, pelicans, ducks, seagulls, lizards, turtles and water snakes. The Mountain region is in the north and east of the state consisting of two chains of low hills called the Dzibalchen and Sierra Alta. The state has a number of ecosystems, from rainforest, to savanna to coast and sea. Environmentally, the state is divided into four major regions. The coast region consists of the entire coastline of the state and a strip of shallow water just offshore called the Sonda de Campeche with coral reefs and low islands called cays. It also includes the savannah area and an area called Los Chenes, where natural wells called cenotes are common. This area is noted for its tropical hardwoods and the chicle or gum tree. Many of the plants used in the state’s cuisine such as achiote and tropical fruits are from here. This area is under threat due to over exploitation. The River region is located in the southwest of the state, named after the various rivers that flow here, mostly emptying into the Laguna de Términos. It has the hottest and most humid climate in Campeche with wildlife and vegetation similar to that found in both the Rainforest and Coast regions. Wildlife includes deer, armadillos, rabbits, quail, and woodpeckers. The Rainforest region is located on the center and south of the state with a wide variety of trees including tropical hardwoods such as mahogany.
Campeche´s protected areas are: The Laguna de Términos Reserve, Calakmul Biosphere Reserve and the Los Petenes Biosphere Reserve with total an area of 1,810,597 hectares. The Laguna de Términos Reserve includes the lagoon and the area surrounding it with an area of 705,017 hectares. The Calakmul Reserve was created in 1989 over 723,185 hectares. It consists of Yucatán and Tehuantepec moist forests, containing high and medium growth semi-deciduous forests and seasonally flooded low height semi-deciduous forests. It was established in 1994. The wildlife is dependent on a varied and complex system of fresh and brackish water. The reserve extends over 382 hectares in the municipalities of Campeche, Tenabo, Hecelchakan and Calkini. Los Petenes is a natural reserve consisting of isolated pockets of rainforest with mangrove areas in between.
Main Campeche Flora. Ceiba pentandra, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Mangle, Haematoxylum campechianum, Bixa orellana.
Main Campeche Fauna. Trichechus, Mazama americana, Eretmochelys imbricata, Crax rubra, Caiman, Panthera onca, Meleagris ocellata, Stenella, Leopardus pardalis, Boa constrictor.
Campeche | Miguel Colorado of Cenote
Away from the coast, these rainforests are interspersed with savannah areas and along the coast are accompanied by areas with sand dunes, mangrove wetlands and estuaries. Rainforest areas subdivide into a number of types which include perennial tall tree rainforest, semi perennial tall tree rainforest, deciduous medium height tree rainforest, semi deciduous medium height tree rainforest, deciduous low height tree rainforest and semi perennial low height tree rainforest. Plat and tree species that can be found in the various rainforests include huapaque, cedar (cedrela Mexicana), pukte (bucida buceras), sapote, dyewood (haematoxyllum campechianum), dzalam (lysiloma bohamensis) and more. Also known for a number of precious tropical hardwoods such as red cedar, mahogany, ciricote (cordia dodecandra) and (guialum sanctum) guayacán. Through the coastal areas, palms prevail such as the royal palm and coconut. The predominant wildlife species in the state are the ocelot, puma, deer, wild boar, jaguar, raccoon, hare, ring-tailed cat and spider monkey. There are many bird species including the ducks, quail, pelicans, chachalaca, toucan, buzzard and numerous others. Reptiles comprise of rattlesnakes, coral snakes, boa constrictors, various species of sea and land turtles, crocodiles and iguanas. Diving off the coast is in most of the state you´ll find abundant aquatic life including many species of fish, crustaceans and mollusks.
The rivers in the south and southwest belong to various basins, with the largest being the Grijalva-Usumacinta to which the Candelaria, Chumpán and Mamantal Rivers belong. Most of the state’s surface freshwater is in the south and southwest, with rivers, small lakes and estuaries. These diminish in the north where rainfall rapidly filtrates into the subsoil. The San Pedro River is another branch is the Usumacinta, which passes by the community of Jonuta in Tabasco before emptying in the Gulf. The Usumacinta also flows in the state but it tends to change course frequently and occasionally divides into branches. The east branch of this river is also called the Palizada River, which has the largest volume although it is narrow. The Chumpán River is an isolated river formed by the union of various streams. It runs north-south and empties in the Laguna de Terminos. The Mamantel River empties into the Laguna de Panlau. The Campotón River is in the center of the state and empties into the Gulf. The rest of the states streams flow only in the rainy season. The Candelaria River forms in Petén, Guatemala and runs north-south and empties into the Laguna de Pargos.
Geography Campeche Mexico
Campeche is a comparatively flat area of Mexico with approx 530 km of shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico. The majority of the surface is of sedimentary rock much of which is from marine or coral origin. The place with the highest elevations is near the borders with Guatemala and Quintana Roo regions. Notable mountainous areas include Cerro los Chinos (370 meters), Cerro Champerico (390 meters), Cerro El Ramonal (340 meters), Cerro El Doce (250 meters) and Cerro El Gavilán (210 meters). Yet, these hills are divided by large expanses of lower flat land. In Champotón to the south of the municipality begin a series of rolling hills known as the Sierra Alta or Puuc, which extend northeast to Bolonchen into the state of Yucatán, these being only an average altitude of between forty and sixty meters with some reaching 100 meters. There other areas of varying elevations, near the city of Campeche with prominent ones known as Boxol, Maxtum, El Morro and the Sierra Seybaplaya. Whether you are visiting Campeche in Mexico for business, pleasure or both, we´re sure that Campeche will meet all of your expectations and that the people of Campeche will make you feel welcome while sampling some of the unique cuisine on offer in the Campeche Restaurant districts.
Campeche Isla Aguada Beach
Campeche Ecotourism includes caves such as Xculhoc, Chuncedro and Xtacumbilxuna’an or Mujer Escondida. The major beaches frequented by visitors are in the municipalities of Campeche, Champotón and Ciudad del Carmen. In Campeche, these beaches include Mar Azul, San Lorenzo and Playa Bonita. In Ciudad del Carmen, they include La Maniagua, Bahamita, Sabancuy, Playa Caracol also Playa Norte, Isla de Pájaros. In Champotón, they are Acapulquito, Costa Blanca, Payucán and Sihoplaya. In the interior of the state, there are a number of water parks such as El Remate in Tankuché and San Vicente Chuc-Say on a former hacienda of the same name. These generally take advantage of the local rivers, springs and cenotes.
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Riviera Maya or the Mayan Riviera, is a tourism destination following the coastal Highway 307 which parallels the Caribbean coastline of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, located on the eastern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula. Tourism started at the city of Playa del Carmen and ended at the village of Tulum, although the towns of Puerto Morelos situated to the north and between Playa del Carmen and Cancun as well as the town of Felipe Carrillo Puerto situated to the south of Tulum are both currently being promoted as part of the Riviera Maya tourist corridor… Visit the official Riviera Maya travel Website
San Luis Potosi stretches across the windswept, sun-baked plains of north central Mexico. It is one of Mexico’s most picturesque towns, whose central historic center features tiered esplanades, several handsome plazas, flower-filled parks, and an active cultural scene. Its importance in Mexican history spans four centuries of influence, making its capital city of the same name a fascinating destination… Visit the official San Luis Potosi travel Website
Sinaloa is located in Northwestern Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Sonora to the north, Chihuahua and Durango to the east and Nayarit to the south. To the west, Sinaloa has a significant share of coastline on the Gulf of California… Visit the official Sinaloa travel Website
Sonora is a major tourist attraction due to its pristine beaches of; San Carlos, Puerto Peñasco, Bahía Kino, also the Gulf of Santa Clara in San Luis Río Colorado. San Carlos has a large variety of sea life off its shores, making it popular for sports fishing and scuba diving. One of its main attractions is the Playa de los Algodones, called such because its sand dunes look like cotton balls. Puerto Peñasco has no less than 110 kilometres (68 mi) of beaches, which have calm seas… Visit the official Sonora travel Website
Tabasco is home to ancient Mayan empire called Comalcalco. The city’s architecture is unique among Mayan sites in that brick was used in place of stone. Comalcalco’s ruins include three large ceremonial complexes: the Grand Acropólis, the North Group and the East Acrópolis. Due to the prominence of the Olmec culture in Tabasco, the state dedicated a museum, the Parque-Museo La Venta, to the Olmec civilization… Visit the official Tabasco travel Website
Tamaulipas is one-third the size of the state of Chihuahua and fifteen times larger than Morelos. The Tamaulipas International Festival is held each October, features cultural and artistic events that include exhibits, plays, concerts, and cinema. The Tampico Port in Tamaulipas is one of Mexico’s first exporting ports. While oil is the primary commodity exported from Tampico, it also ships silver, copper, lumber, wool, hemp… Visit the official Tamaulipas travel Website
Tecate is a small city in Baja California located on the border with California, United States in the San Diego and in Tijuana metropolitan area. There is a small port of entry between the cities that serves as a calmer alternative to the bustling port of Tijuana. The Tecate brewery is the centerpiece of the town and it stands out more than any other landmark in the city. They have been making beer here since 1943… Visit the official Tecate travel Website
Tijuana´s skyline is the third largest in Mexico and is located in the Zona Rio and Playas de Tijuana. In the Zona Rio the buildings are concentrated on the Tijuana River parallel to the river and on the edges of the Tijuana Country Club. In Playas the high-rises are currently focused on the coast… Visit the official Tijuana travel Website
Tlaxcala is Mexico’s smallest state, was once home to the ancient Olmeca and Xicalanca civilizations. Tlaxcala is home to three famous bullrings. The most famous being the Jorge “El Ranchero” Aguilar plaza, built in the 18th century in the heart of Tlaxcala City. Today it’s known for its farms and textile industries and tourism… Visit the official Tlaxcala travel Website
Veracruz is located in Eastern Mexico, bordered by the states of Tamaulipas to the north, San Luis Potosí and Hidalgo to the west, Puebla to the southwest, Oaxaca and Chiapas to the south and Tabasco to the southeast. Veracruz continues to be a very important part of Mexico’s economy. The state is rich in natural resources and represents approximately 35 percent of Mexico’s water supply… Visit the official Veracruz travel Website
Xcaret is a natural park that treasures the best of the traditions and culture of Mexico, a paradise that combines the natural beauty and cultural wealth of the country and the region. Located 45minutes from Cancun, Mexico, Riviera Maya, in Xcaret you will find underground rivers, natural pools and a myriad of attractions… Visit the Xcaret Park Website
Xelha is located south of the modern town of Playa del Carmen, in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Xel-Ha is an ecological theme park or natural aquarium. Here you can swim with dolphins, see sea turtles, bicycle, snorkel, cliff-dive, and scuba. If you choose to scuba you will get to pet stingrays and see larger fish. This park is large, so bring good shoes to walk up river, you bag your dry belongings and they will be driven back to the main area… Visit the Xelha Park Website
Yucatan is located in Southeastern Mexico, on the north part of the Yucatán Peninsula. It is bordered by the states of Campeche to the southwest, Quintana Roo to the northeast and the Gulf of Mexico lies off its north coast. Home to the restored Mayan ruins of Chichén Itzá and the Pyramid of Kukulcán… Visit the official Yucatan travel Website
Zacatecas Colonial Center contains many notable structures, including the Plaza de Armas or Main Square with its magnificent stone façade. The Palacio de Gobierno, the Residencia de Gobernadores and Palacio de la Mala Noche (Palace of the Bad Night) are also located in the Center… Visit the official Zacatecas travel Website
Zihuatanejo evolved from a quaint fishing village to a backpackers’ hotspot, to today’s incarnation of winding streets of galleries and folk art shops, small boutique hotels and palapa-style seafood restaurants serving the fresh catch of the day. Backpackers still holiday in Zihuatanejo, but share the experience with honeymooners, snorkelers, swimmers, and cultural travelers who appreciate “Zihua’s” laid-back vibe and postcard-worthy scenery of rocky cliffs, sand and sea… Visit the official Zihuatanejo travel Website
